The Black-Litterman Model in Investment Management

by H. J. Goddard • 2002

In this article we demonstrate that the optimal portfolios generated by the Black-Litterman asset allocation model have a very simple, intuitive property. The unconstrained optimal portfolio in the Black-Litterman model is the scaled market equilibrium portfolio (reflecting the uncertainty in the equilibrium expected returns) plus a weighted sum of portfolios representing the investor's views. The weight on a portfolio representing a view is positive when the view is more bullish than the one implied by the equilibrium and the other views. The weight increases as the investor becomes more bullish on the view, and the magnitude of the weight also increases as the investor becomes more confident about the view.